Meaning />
no formal definition of when the appearance of fictional characters in the work of another author of a common universe. Fiction Some media, like most television programs and many comic titles need understand the contributions of several authors and do not in themselves a shared universe. Further presentations, as d'Artagnan Cyrano de Bergerac, may instead be considered literary cameos. Other significant interactions between characters from different sources is often marketed as a crossover. During the crossovers in a common universe, not all transitions are to merge their settings back-story and instead for marketing, parody, or explore what-if scenario.
/> The term is used in a broader, non-literary meaning interdisciplinary or social communities, which are often associated with an order to deliver the "shared universe of discourse". />
features /> The modern definition of copyright, in particular under United States copyright law considers the extension of a previous work, the setting or the character may be a derivative work. Especially considering for photographic material for publication, it will often require licensing agreement. For this reason, some fan fiction, and other amateur stations established setting without written permission, sometimes distinguished from the common deed of the universe or even "stolen universe" described. However, fair use claim was filed, and not all authors believe that distinguish from other fan-fiction literature in the way it is. In a similar way as brand licensing, so that intellectual property owners of the established na fictional settings sometimes other authors new material, creating a wider universe. As franchise, to allow a rule in television programs or films, for a series of novels, video games, original sound recordings and other media. Not everyone shared universe setting only extension or combination of existing material to new authors. Sometimes an author or group of authors of a particular setting for the development of several authors, often through partnerships.
/> especially when a common universe grows with a large number of plants, it is difficult for the writer to get an internal consistency maintain continuity and avoid contradicts information previous work. The official version number of the author or company control settings known as canon. Not all shared universes is a control unit that determine either able or not, canonicity, and not all fans agree to these terms when they occur. Fanon may take place some level of consensus in the setting of fandom. Some writers, in an effort to ensure that a gun can be built up and to keep the details of setting credible enforcement tools to correct errors and inconsistencies, the work of some participants over a long period of time. One such tool is retconning, short for "retroactive continuity", which later results in the invalidation configuration previously written material. The most extreme form of Retcon a wholesale re-writing of the foundation stone for the whole environment. This restart most closely associated with DC Comics is not always the solution underlying problems effectively and be met with negative reactions from fans. Provider expanded universes, also known as writer ties, sometimes stereotyped as "hack" because such writing is seen as more creative or persistent poor quality. These stereotypes are challenged by authors who consider contributing to a larger setting "intellectually challenging." />
readers might object even if a story or a series on a shared universe was formed, feeling it "requir [es] a fan buy another hero Hero" title "or lead the mischaracterizations and inappropriate comparison. />
expansion of existing material />
Cover of All Star Comics # 3 (Winter 1940-1941), / the beginning of the Universe
DC> In 1941, created by writer Gardner Fox All-American Comics (later part of DC Comics), the Justice Society of America in All Star Comics # 3, credited with the first superhero team- up and the foundation for the DC Universe, the first comic shared universe. Till 1961 merged marvel Comics writer and editor Stan Lee, Jack Kirby working with artist Steve Ditko and, the bulk of comics characters marvel Universe publishers. both the creative difficulty setting to maintain a common complex editing Universe suffered by a large number of authors and editors. DC changed their in-universe chronology several times, the series such as Crisis on Infinite Earths 1985, Zero Hour in 1994, and Infinite Crisis in 2005. Since 2007, marvel continuity only once, the Spider-Man Reboot. One More Day story instead An increasing number of alternate realities, each with an assigned number in a larger multiverse DC and marvel also periodically converging series and their characters. published interact together.'s the intercompany crossovers usually have A self-limiting event suggests, was written to avoid coexist in DC Universe and marvel Universe. exclusion was published 24 comics under the metafictional Amalgam Comics imprint in 1996, shows the common universe hybridizations of two characters that inhabited the company. marvel called for as part of the setting, the larger multiverse by labeling it Earth 692.
/> The Star Wars franchise a unique view of the nature of its extended universe canon, the introduction of four-tier system for compatibility with six movie Star Trek canon less well defined, usually no licensed works just like books and video game and the realization that "events called into question some of the movie was. "In addition, the same franchise blur the line between canon and non-canon content by using unofficial material in later productions official spin-off media, from which an extension of the universe Doctor Who coming to particularly complex because of Laxness licensing and canon taken from the BBC. The Expanded Universe has relatively little uniformity because its radio division Drama from Big Finish and the BBC, the New Adventures novels universe or universe based on comics published in Doctor Who Magazine, and other publications produced Analyst Robert FW Smith tried to summarize these contradictory continuities:
I understand it, the situation is this: The New Adventures universe is the universe bottle intrusion, developed by the BBC universe Timelords were seen, and in it the Time of Lords NA Theye all gone away to another bottle and left the expanse of God / Kings of Space. Much of New Adventures BBC universe happened anyway, but the universe, the Seventh Doctor is the reincarnation of the Other and Rassilon escape, roam around the universe in the universe BBC, He may or may not have been, and probably will not Rassilon. come to the universe PARADOX BBC faction, the doctor and the enemy between the Time Lords vaped, the results have no time does not Lords in the universe the BBC, with the exception of five, the basic laws of the universe have (magic-and-science that matter) is changed, and doctors more Time Lord in everything except the original crystal soul man called end of time. Though the universe of the BBC, an infinite number of different universes published, advised explains how all the murders shock assistant crying for endless adventure either made or not our universe what happens to the standards you want, but Gallifrey does not survive in any of them. however Gallifrey established in the BBC universe in some form, but it is probably much less powerful because It now his planet, there is no special relationship original times, and won is always there. Where the Big Finish Audio fit to advise of any new series could follow accepted only from the end of The Gallifrey Chronicles, even though the Doc He said Time Lord without crystal people from the end of the second episode. There.
/> Smith summary does not appear to spin-offs such as Bernice Summerfield novels and series faction PARADOX , legally separate from the source of their officially licensed characters in novels. many fans consider only the TV series from Canon and all other media Apocrypha The TV series was never explicitly recognized as of spin-offs, because the status of the BBC as a public service broadcaster prohibited them from making a program that is fully understood only by those licensed products bought.
Expansion of existing material in a shared universe is not the settings from the film and TV license restricted. example opened Larry Niven Known Space setting other authors, first, because it's lack of military experience, to prevent him from adequately describe the war between humans and Kzinti considered. extent to which he fixes for other authors, is controversial, a little erotic short stories Sternberg created Known Space after record author from the Niven points out that "[i] f you want more Known Space stories, you have to write your own." Niven initially clarified his attitude can still be used only "in limited circumstances and permission "given by Niven various authors of the Man-Kzin Wars series By contrast, the author Eric Flint edited and co-published with Fan fiction writers directly , extension of its 1632-series. />
A setting can also be increased in the same way after the death of its creator, though posthumous This expansion did not meet several strict sense of A common universe is an example of this August Derleth development of the Cthulhu Mythos from the writings of HP Lovecraft, an approach that results seen by some as a "totally different" to his own works Lovecraft. controversial Less posthumous Ruth Plumly Thompson enhancements include and later sequels author L. Frank Baum of Oz story and the further development of Isaac Asimov's Foundation universe Greg Bear, Gregory Benford, and David Brin.
/> Original settings />
poster for Crossgen Chronicles, where some of the interconnected Sigilverse title.
/> Although DC and marvel Comics universe successful joint near it among competitors in the industry, other companies have tried similar models. brave Comics and Crossgen both made single track main from its roots a, publisher widely distributed universe, known as a single unit and is Sigilverse.
/> many other published works of this kind in the form of a series of short story anthologies with the occasional stand-alone novels. example is Robert Lynn asprin the thieves' World and CJ Cherryh's Merovingen Night. role />
games are designed by nature to some aspect of the universe is common concept of how individual games are derived from the core material. settings campaigns such as Dungeons & Dragons Faern, Dragonlance and Eberron, a detailed world that can be set in addition to the novels and other media. lifestyle campaigns, including the Living Greyhawk RPGA or AEG-sanctioned Heroes of Rokugan, a opportunity for individual games in the world take part in a single pass, hosted.
/> The influence of the Internet in collaborative and interactive myth has resulted in a large number of amateur shared universe setting. amateur authors created universes along with contributing to the mailing list, Usenet archives and history. One of the earliest settings SFStory saw its spin-off setting Superguy mentioned as an example of the potential the Internet. Another example is the furry-themed stories from the Blind Pig on the changes Archive Story, which is different from many amateur settings both through an organized effort to maintain consistency canon and found to have at least limited publication created other early examples are the Dargon Project and Devilbunnies. />
least one publisher and a division specifically for dealing with promoting shared universe fiction introduced. />
animated universes />
an animated universe is a derivative of the common universe of animated works, including animated television series and films, both characters and continuity should be shared with each other, can also include characters from the past and the continuity serial literary works, including comics and can therefore be described by the literary work, where does it come rare example of the animated universe.
